Drug Treatment Categories

Doctors deliver treatment for drug abuse and addiction in many different settings, using a variety of behavioral and pharmacological approaches. Drug addiction is a complex disorder that can involve virtually every aspect of the functioning of a person in every day life: in the family, at work and school and in the community. Because of the complexity and pervasive consequences of addiction, drug addiction treatment must involve many components. Some of those components focus directly on the individual and drug use. Others, like employment training, focus on restoring the addicted individual to productive membership in the family and society and enable the recovered addict to experience the rewards associated with abstinence. Doctors deliver treatment for drug abuse and addiction in many different settings using a variety of behavioral and pharmacological approaches. In the United States, more than 13,000 specialized drug treatment facilities offer counseling, behavioral therapy, medication, case management and other types of services to persons with substance use disorders. Along with specialized drug treatment facilities, drug abuse and addiction can seek help in the office of a physician and in mental health clinics from a variety of providers, including counselors, physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses and social workers. Specialists deliver treatment in outpatient, inpatient and residential settings. Although there are some specific treatment approaches that occur in particular treatment settings, a variety of therapeutic interventions or services can be included in any given setting. Because drug abuse and addiction are major public health problems, local, State and Federal governments fund a large portion of drug treatment. Private and subsidized health plans also may provide coverage for treatment of addiction and its medical consequences. Unfortunately, managed care results in shorter stays on average. An historical lack of or insufficient coverage for substance abuse treatment curtails the number of operational programs. The recent passage of parity for insurance coverage of mental health and substance abuse problems will improve this state of affairs.

Types of Complementary Medicine

Complementary medicine practices fall into broad categories, such as natural products, mind and body medicine and manipulative and practices based on the body. Although these categories are informal, they are useful for discussing complementary medicine practices. Some complementary medicine practices may fit into more than one category.

Natural Products

Natural products in complementary medicine include the use of a variety of herbal medicines also known as botanicals, vitamins and minerals. Many places sell natural products over the counter as dietary supplements. Doctors do not consider some uses of dietary supplements, like taking a multivitamin to meet minimum daily nutritional requirements or taking calcium to promote bone health, complementary medicine.
Complementary medicine natural products also include probiotics and live microorganisms (usually bacteria) that are similar to microorganisms normally found in the human digestive tract and that may have beneficial effects. Probiotics are available in foods like yogurts or as dietary supplements. Probiotics are not the same as prebiotics, which are non-digestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of microorganisms already present in the body.
Interest in and use of complementary medicine and natural products have grown considerably in the past few decades. The 2007 NHIS found that 17.7 percent of American adults had used a non-vitamin non-mineral natural product. These products were the most popular form of complementary medicine among both adults and children. The most commonly used product among adults was fish oil or omega 3s. 37.4 percent of all adults who said they used natural products used fish oils and omega 3s; popular products for children included Echinacea where 37.2 percent used and fish oil/omega 3s used by 30.5 percent.

Weight Control Activities

Physical activity is important for physical health, emotional well being and achieving a healthy weight. Physical activity may help control weight by burning calories that would otherwise be stored as fat. Most foods and many beverages a person eats and drinks contain calories and everything the body does uses calories, including sleeping, breathing, digesting food and moving around. Balancing the calories a person eats with the calories the body uses through physical activity may help a person maintain a current weight.
Experts recommend at least 150 minutes, or 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75 minutes (1 hour and 15 minutes) of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week. This amount of physical activity may reduce the risk for some chronic diseases. Aerobic physical activities make the heart beat faster for a sustained period.
Regular physical activity may help a person reach and maintain a healthy weight. Being physically active may also give the body more energy, improves mood and reduces the risk of developing some chronic diseases.
Physical activity also requires the body to use more oxygen. Physical activities include bicycling, dancing and walking. A person does not need to do a lot of exercise at once to be physically active. In fact, experts recommend spreading physical activity throughout the week. A person may break up activities into shorter segments of 10 minutes or more. Moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activities that last for at least 10 minutes count toward meeting the weekly recommendation. People need different amounts of physical activity to lose and control weight. A person may need to do more or less activity than others. The amount of activity needed for weight loss may differ greatly between people. Some people who are not very active may be able to achieve and maintain a healthy weight by doing the minimum amount of activity recommended by experts. However, many adults need to do more activity to control their weight.
Some adults need 300 minutes (5 hours) or more of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity or 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week. These adults should build up to this level of activity, adding time each week until they reach the goal. In order to maintain a healthy weight after weight loss, adults may need to further increase their physical activity. Studies show that physical activity is very important to successful long term weight control.
Examples of moderate-intensity activity include: brisk walking, general gardening, water aerobics. Examples of vigorous-intensity activity include: bicycling at least 10 miles per hour, heavy gardening, jogging or running, race walking, rock climbing, swimming laps, training to run a 10K for charity.

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